1. Intrauterine Polyp (Endometrial Polyp)
Endometrial polyps are benign tumoral formations originating from the innermost layer of the uterus (endometrium) in approximately 1 in 10 women. Polyps, known as "flesh in the uterus" among the people, are usually detected by ultrasonography and aqueous-ultrasonography (saline infusion sonography), but the definitive diagnosis is made by pathological examination after the polyp is removed by curettage or hysteroscopy.
Polyps usually cause complaints such as excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding, intermittent bleeding, bleeding in menopause, and persistent brown discharge. Polyps larger than 1 cm may cause inability to conceive or miscarriage. Although the factors that cause polyps are not fully known, excess estrogen activity can cause this condition. Endometrial polyps are common in people treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer.
Most of the polyps do not cause any complaints, but they should be removed when the polyp is noticed. Polyp removal is often performed hysteroscopically today.
Before and After Closed Polyp Surgery
If closed polyp surgery is to be performed for diagnostic purposes, it is performed without the need for anesthesia or with local anesthesia. There is no pain after the procedure and the patient can return home.
The closed polyp surgery, which is applied for therapeutic purposes, is performed under anesthesia. Therefore, no food or liquid should be taken at least 6 hours before the operation. Since anesthesia is applied during the operation, no pain or pain is felt.
After the operation, the patient can return to his normal life on the same day or the next day. The day after the operation, the patient may experience mild cramps and spotting bleeding. Drugs should not be used other than the surgeon's knowledge and recommended medication, and sexual intercourse should be avoided until the recovery period is completed.
If the following situations are encountered after closed polyp surgery, it is important to see a doctor immediately.
-Excessive vaginal bleeding
-Smelly and excessive vaginal discharge
- Severe abdominal pain
-Fire
2. Fibroids
They are benign tumors that develop from the uterine muscle tissue, seen in 2 out of 5 women. There are types with different diameters in the muscle tissue of the uterus (intramural), towards the uterine cavity (submucous) and towards the outside of the uterus (subserous, intraligamentary), sometimes connected by a stalk. Although fibroids are often asymptomatic, that is, they do not cause complaints, they can cause an increase in the amount of menstrual bleeding, inguinal pain, changes in urine and bowel habits depending on the location and size.
In some of the fibroids, follow-up is sufficient and there is no definitive drug treatment. Unfortunately, if definitive treatment is necessary, surgery is performed. Myoma surgery is performed with two techniques in surgery.
One is abdominal incision open surgery,
The other is done with a closed, that is, laparoscopic method.
Although depending on the experience of the physician , the laparoscopic method should be the primary choice in terms of patient health and comfort if the size , number and location of fibroids are appropriate .
Submucous fibroids that cause severe pain and bleeding in the uterine cavity can be easily removed with a closed-day procedure called hysteroscopy.
The recovery period after myoma surgery is very short in laparoscopy, and it is 1 week late in open surgery compared to laparoscopy. Unfortunately, fibroids can recur at a rate of 15-20%. The change that fibroids make within themselves is called degeneration. Although this is very common during pregnancy, it can also occur outside of pregnancy. It causes severe abdominal and groin pain. Myoma treatment and follow-up require serious experience.
Fibroid Symptoms
Many fibroids do not show any symptoms, even if they are large. The main symptoms of fibroids can be listed as follows:
- Differences in menstrual bleeding
More frequent and longer menstrual periods
more bleeding
Menstrual pain (cramp)
anemia due to blood loss
Vaginal bleeding outside the menstrual period
-Pain
On the stomach or back
during intercourse
-Oppression
Pain in the rectum, constipation or disordered bowel movements
abdominal cramps
Difficulty urinating or frequent urination
Infertility and Miscarriages
Growth in the abdomen and uterus
Since these symptoms may be a sign of other problems, a doctor should be consulted if these symptoms are observed.
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