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What is an aneurysm? Aneurysm or ballooning is the loss of strength and enlargement of the vessel wall. In order to say that there is a ballooning, the normal diameter of that vessel must have increased at least 1.5 or 2 times. Vein diameters vary according to the age and gender of the person. The main artery that carries the blood pumped to our body after leaving the heart is the 'aorta'. The aorta is called by different names during its course in our body. After leaving the heart, the 'ascending aorta' is known as the 'arch aorta' in the region where it gives the arm and neck arteries, the 'thoracic aorta' from the arm artery to the diaphragm, and the 'abdominal aorta' up to the level where it separates from the diaphragm to both leg arteries. Ballooning / aneurysms formed from any of these regions are also called by the same name. For example; such as abdominal aortic aneurysm, thoracic aortic aneurysm, ascending aortic aneurysm. Aneurysm formation can be encountered in many parts of our body, for example, in large arteries such as the heart, brain, aorta, or in the arteries of the arms and legs, and in the arteries of our internal organs (such as spleen, kidney). They are most commonly located under the renal arteries (95%). The rest (5%) may be in different localizations above this level. It is more common in men than in women (approximately 4 times). What are the symptoms? Aneurysms may remain silent for many years and may not cause any complaints. They are usually diagnosed incidentally during examinations performed for different reasons. They create different complaints according to the regions they are in. There may be abdominal pain in ballooning located in the abdomen or a continuous pain radiating towards the waist. Or, the diagnosis can be made with the examination performed as a result of the clot in the leg artery causing serious circulatory disorder in the leg. Sometimes the first finding may be rupture of the ballooning and severe shock. When patients put their hand on their stomach, they can feel the pulse beat with every beat of the heart. In very large bubbles, it can give the appearance of a moving mass that can be seen from the outside. Thoracic aneurysms may present with complaints of pain in the back, chest, cough, hoarseness or shortness of breath. Peripheral (arms and legs) aneurysms can also be seen with signs of pain, a mass moving with the heartbeat, circulatory disorder, color change over ballooning, and numbness due to nerve compression. What are the causes of aneurysm? Many factors play a role in the formation of aneurysm. But the vast majority (about 90%) are degenerative. Arterial stiffness (Atherosclerosis) smoking, high blood pressure Trauma some infections Having a family history (genetic factors) Connective tissue diseases (Marfan syndrome) How do we diagnose? Most of the time, the presence of aneurysm in our patients is incidentally detected during the examination. Diagnosis is easily made with Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR). When should we treat? When ballooning occurs in the vessel, the vessel wall becomes thinner and this leads to rupture of the vessel over time. Therefore, patients should be closely monitored. For minor ballooning, follow-up is recommended. In some special cases, it may be necessary to intervene in small-scale ballooning (if there is a rupture in the vessel and / or there is a high probability of rupture). If the vessel diameter has reached 5.5 cm, treatment is recommended. Computed Tomography and Ultrasonography can be used in the follow-up of the patients. With Computed Tomography, the growth and expansion rate of the ballooning is checked. Small-scale ballooning is followed at 6 or 12 month intervals. Ballooning that grows 0.5 cm in 6-month follow-ups or more than 1 cm in annual follow-ups, regardless of its diameter, should be intervened early.​ Which method? Two different methods are used in the treatment of aortic aneurysms: Open method (Surgical Treatment) Closed Method (Endovascular Treatment) In the open method, a large incision is surgically made in the area of ​​vasodilation (abdominal or thoracic cavity), the diseased vascular area is removed, and an artificial vein of suitable diameter is placed in the removed area. Closed method or intravascular intervention (Endovascular Treatment) is a method that is performed with a 4-5 cm surgical incision in the inguinal artery region and is mostly applied under local anesthesia. With this incision, the inguinal artery is prepared and the grafts, called stent-grafts, are placed through the inguinal artery with the help of special guide wires - a carrier system, accompanied by angiography, and the diseased (aneurysm) area is deactivated. What are the advantages of the Closed Method? We can summarize it in a few items: There is no or very little need to use blood and blood products (sometimes 4-5 Units of blood may be required to replace blood loss in the open method). The procedure time is shorter than the open method..

Varicose veins are defined as the enlargement, lengthening and twisting of the veins without an organic cause. It is derived from the Latin word 'varix' (curved vein). ​ ​ Varicose veins are an important health problem. Although its incidence in adults shows different geographical variations, it gradually increases with age. Leg varicose veins are the most common vascular disease. It affects 15-20% of the adult population. It is seen 2-4 times more in women than in men, and the familial transmission rate is more than 50%. ​ ​ ​ ​ What are the types of varicose veins? ​ ​ There are three types of varicose veins. ​ ​ Telangiectatic Varices They show superficial localization on the skin. They are 1 mm or less in diameter. They are not palpable. They appear as blue or red linear color changes. Locally, they are star-shaped or spider web-like common linear formations and may envelop the entire leg. Reticular Varices They are blue colored varicose veins that are slightly raised from the skin, less than 4 mm in diameter, and can hardly be felt by hand. Great Vein Varieties They are varicose veins that can be easily noticed by hand and eye, forming large folds along the course of large and small veins (saphen veins). They are larger than 4 mm in diameter. Because they are under the skin, they usually do not change the color of the skin. The reflection of the vein's own greenish color is seen. In addition to prominent varicose formations that have folded in one extremity, smaller telangiectatic, reticular formations may also be found. Although it varies from patient to patient, these formations can be located together or separately on one leg. ​ ​ Causes of varicose veins Varices can be primary or secondary. Although there are various theories about the causes of primary varicose veins, the main causes are not certain. Today, the most accepted theory is hereditary, weakness in the venous wall and valve insufficiency in the vein, venous hypertension. Secondary or subsequent varicose veins occur as a result of damage to the vein valves due to trauma, clot formation (deep vein occlusion) or inflammation. ​ ​ Many factors that play a role in the formation of varicose veins have been suggested in epidemiological studies. In these studies, family history (heredity), risky lifestyle and smoking were shown as risk factors. The risk of varicose veins is 4.4 times higher in patients with a positive family history. Standing for a long time or sitting for a long time is a risk factor, and the risk of developing high-grade venous insufficiency is 2.7 times higher in those who stand for more than 4 hours a day. To summarize the risk factors that cause varicose veins; standing for a long time Pregnancy Obesity sit down work Inactivity Senile Medication use (Birth control pills, hormone replacement therapies used during menopause) Common complaints The most common complaints of the patients are deterioration of the appearance of their legs, leg pain after standing for a long time and a feeling of heaviness in the legs. Complaints may not be related to the degree of anatomical defect. Sometimes the patient can injure the varicose vein. In this case, significant bleeding can be seen. A complication of leg varicose veins is superficial vein inflammation (thrombophlebitis); It can cause severe pain and limitation of movement. Chronic ankle swelling, stasis dermatitis and leg ulcers may develop in long-term leg varicose veins. Prolonged standing or obesity cause all leg varicose veins to become more symptomatic. Pain Itching swelling in the ankle night cramps Superficial thrombophlebitis Venous ankle skin changes (pigmentation, eczema, lipodermatosclerosis and open wound) Bleeding Varicose veins diagnosis ​ ​ It is quite easy to diagnose varicose veins. Varicose veins are lesions that can be easily seen when viewed from the outside with the naked eye. What is important here is whether there is insufficiency in the main vein where varicose veins occur. The easiest and best way to show this insufficiency is color Doppler Ultrasonography applied to the leg with varicose veins. Ultrasonography gives detailed information about which vein the insufficiency is, the duration and degree of the insufficiency, the diameter and structure of the vein. Methods used in the treatment of varicose veins Medical treatment Medicines Compression Stockings * Sclerotherapy / Foam sclerotherapy thermocoagulation Laser Radiofrequency Ablation Surgical Treatment - Phlebectomy At the point we have reached today, all types of varicose veins can be treated. However, the treatment method to be chosen according to the type of varicose varies. The main goal is to eliminate the venous insufficiency that causes the formation of varicose veins. In this case due to valve insufficiency, the recommended treatment method is Laser, Radiofrequency ablation and/or foam sclerotherapy. Sclerotherapy / foam-sclerotherapy may be preferred for medium-sized and capillary varicose veins. In both methods, the aim is to destroy the inner wall of the vein and completely cover the vein.

Peripheral vascular disease; It is a disease that occurs as a result of partial narrowing or complete blockage of the arteries that carry oxygen-rich blood to our arms, legs and internal organs due to hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). It is more common in men than women. Atherosclerosis is a natural process that occurs with age in all arteries in our body. Approximately 5-15% of men over the age of 50 have peripheral vascular disease that does not cause any complaints. Atherosclerosis (Atherosclerosis) Atherosclerosis occurs when cholesterol sticks to the inner surface of the arteries. Cholesterol particles adhering to the inner surface of the artery cause the hardening of the artery over time, narrowing the inner diameter of the vessel through which the blood passes, or completely occluded. Atherosclerosis is a natural process and begins to occur at an early age. Atherosclerosis may progress with age, depending on other accompanying risk factors. Depending on the area it affects, they cause some complaints in patients. Risk factors in peripheral vascular diseases Peripheral vascular diseases are more common in men than women. Risk factors are the same as the causes of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). These risk factors are: Diabetes Mellitus (diabetes) High blood pressure (hypertension) or a family history of hypertension Smoking Family history of disease related to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) High levels of LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) and triglycerides in the blood Low HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol) levels in the blood chronic kidney failure Overweight or obesity ​ ​ Symptoms in peripheral vascular diseases Most people with peripheral vascular disease have no symptoms. When the narrowing of the artery reaches a certain rate (at least 50% of the inner diameter of the artery), it causes complaints depending on the area fed by the artery. Pain in the legs after walking (Claudication – Intermittent claudication): It is the most common complaint. It is cramp-like pain that occurs in the extremity (hip, thigh, calf) when walking a certain distance. The pain goes away when you rest and comes back when you start walking. The patient has to rest again. That's why it's called 'Intermittent Lameness'. The reason for the pain is the increase in oxygen demand in the extremity used with exercise and the inability to meet the oxygen demand of the tissue by the severely narrowed or occluded artery. Resting pain: It is an indication of the progression of the disease. Patients try to relax by hanging their feet below the level of the heart due to pain. Coldness in the legs and feet, feeling cold, numbness in the legs, Weakness in calf muscles Discoloration, bruising on the feet, fingers, The hair on the back of the feet begins to fall out, Thickening of the toenails Foot wound: It usually occurs on the fingers and heels where the body pressure is most on the feet. gangrene Diagnosis in peripheral vascular disease Inspection: It can be put at a rate of 70-80% with a detailed examination. Examination for pulses in the arms and legs: Weak or no pulses Blood pressure difference between arms and legs (>20 mmHg difference) changes in skin color Changes in nails shedding of foot hair Wound: Control of pressure points (toes and heel) ​ ​ ​ ​ Radiological imaging methods ​ ​ Doppler Ultrasound Classical (Conventional) Angiography CT - Angiography MRI - Angiography ​ ​ ​ ​ Treatment methods in peripheral vascular disease ​ ​ The following should be considered in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases: ​ ​ Relief of leg pain caused by exercise or walking, Increasing the walking distance until pain occurs and thus increasing the exercise capacity of the patient. Prevention of limb (arm, leg) loss. Changing lifestyle and diet Smoking cessation (Nicotine replacement therapy, psychotherapy) Diet: Lowering blood cholesterol and other fat levels Keeping blood pressure under control Keeping diabetes under control (Diabetes treatment should be planned so that Glycolyzed Hemoglobin A1c <6.0%. 1% increase in glycosylated hemoglobin increases the risk of peripheral vascular disease by 28%. Regular exercise / Walking exercise With appropriate exercise programs, it is ensured that the muscles use oxygen more effectively. At the same time, it provides the development of side pathways (collateral circulation; a new vessel network consisting of small arterial branches developed beyond the occlusion) in the occluded artery. Medication blood thinners cholesterol-lowering drugs Drugs that control sugar and blood pressure ' Endovascular interventions (non-surgical procedures) They are methods used to widen or open narrowed or completely blocked arteries. During the procedure, the artery can be expanded with a balloon or a stent can be inserted. ​Surgical Treatment Bypass surgery: With the help of a vein or a synthetic vein taken from your leg, ​

Stomach cancer, which has come to the fore in recent years due to unhealthy eating habits, smoking and unconscious practices, also confronts us with its deadly results. However, thanks to advances in technology in recent years, it can be diagnosed early and brought under control with correct treatment practices. In the treatment of stomach cancer, hot chemotherapy called "Hyperthermia" provides successful results in suitable patients. Ignored digestive system problems can lead to stomach cancer Stomach cancer, along with the pancreas, is the type of cancer that worries patients the most. Since stomach and pancreatic cancers are diagnosed at very advanced stages, they do not contribute much to the life expectancy of the patients. The tumor types in which the successful results of today's modern treatments are least reflected are stomach and pancreatic cancers. In these types of cancer, the top priority of doctors should be to catch stomach cancer at an earlier stage. For this reason, people who have digestive disorders, have pain in the stomach area, and have complaints such as indigestion should be more aware. Mediterranean diet reduces cancer rate Stomach cancer is more common in smokers. Gastric cancer; It is a type of cancer that is more common in people with stomach polyps, helicobacter pylori infection, or those who consume too much food such as smoked food and pickles, especially in Asian populations. However, the frequency of gastric cancer decreases in regions with fresh fruit and vegetable consumption. When signs of stomach cancer are seen, an endoscopy should be performed by referring to a gastroenterology specialist. Among the current treatment methods of gastric cancer, surgery and chemotherapy come first. Especially in gastric cancer starting from the second stage, chemotherapy treatment given before the operation is very important to increase the effectiveness after the operation. Tumor is reached directly with hot chemotherapy Giving chemotherapy to the patient during the surgery is one of the most important methods used recently. The rate of chemotherapy given before and after surgery to reach the tumor area is between 20 and 30 percent. However, this rate increases to 100 percent by giving chemotherapy during the surgery. Hot chemotherapy, called hyperthermia, is actually a treatment method that has been used for the last 20-30 years. While hot chemotherapy is a treatment method applied to patients with gynecological tumors and colon cancer in the past and with very good results, its effect has also been proven in gastric cancer. This method should be used very carefully by cancer specialist teams in selected patients who can tolerate the risks of this surgery. Used during surgery Hot chemotherapy, called hyperthermia, is a hope for cancer patients diagnosed with advanced inoperable cancer. hot chemotherapy; In tumors that spread to the peritoneum and intra-abdominal organs, after the appropriate ones are removed from these organs, the inside of the abdomen is washed with chemotherapeutic agents at 40-42 degrees with special tools. In this way, the remaining tumor cells are mechanically cleaned, while at the same time, chemotherapy agents are allowed to go directly to the tumor site and be destroyed.

Pancreatic cancer, which is considered one of the most difficult types of cancer to diagnose and treat, ranks fourth among the causes of life-threatening cancer. Although advanced age causes the emergence of the disease, it can also be seen in young people due to obesity, smoking and genetic factors. Pancreatic cancer has a close relationship with diabetes. Diabetes can sometimes be the first sign of pancreatic cancer. Attention to familial transmission and genetic factors! Smoking and obesity play an important role in the emergence of pancreatic cancer, as in the formation of every tumor. The relationship between pancreatic cancer and diabetes should not be ignored. After the emergence of diabetes, the development of the disease in the pancreas becomes more risky, and pancreatic cancer can show symptoms with diabetes. Some genetic factors are also effective in pancreatic cancer and there is familial transmission. In this respect, people with pancreatic cancer in their family should generally be followed up more frequently. Some types of cancer may accompany pancreatic cancer and trigger the formation of pancreatic cancer. It is important to evaluate people with a family history of cancer in this respect. Take care of the causes of pancreatic cancer! 30% smoking advanced age A diet rich in protein, devoid of fruit and vegetables Obesity Exposure to petroleum and chemicals Chronic pancreatic inflammation that is not treated for a long time Diabetes Confused with stomach disease Pancreatic cancer is a disease that usually does not show symptoms at an early stage and manifests itself with different complaints when it progresses. Especially back pain, yellowing of urine and skin color and the development of jaundice occur when the tumor is very advanced. Due to the location of the pancreas, complaints may also be similar to different diseases. Since it is an organ located behind the stomach, the complaint of pain also develops behind the stomach and causes a problem in the pancreas to be ignored. When the complaint of stomach pain is tried to be relieved with some treatments to reduce acid secretion, pancreatic cancer may cause a delay in the diagnosis. Watch out for these 8 signs! Abdominal pain that worsens after meals or when taking a horizontal position -Gas pains, bloating - Vomiting and loss of appetite -Dark or bloody urine -General weakness Enlargement of the liver and gallbladder -Itching -Arrival Diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound The mass in the pancreas can be seen with a good ultrasound for diagnosis. Apart from that, tomography, pet-CT and most importantly endoscopic ultrasonography are very successful in detecting the location and localization of the masses. Pancreatic cancer, for which an effective drug treatment has not yet been developed despite modern methods, can only be intervened with surgical methods. In surgery, it is possible to shorten and remove the pancreas to the area where the tumor is, and to resort to whipple surgery, which is a very complex operation, in the head of the pancreas. Patient comfort is at the forefront in surgeries Open and closed surgery can be applied to any type of pancreatic tumor. Laparoscopic surgery is routinely performed in trunk and tail tumors. Experience is absolutely necessary for laparoscopic surgery in pancreatic head tumors because it is a very difficult surgery. Especially the presence of large vessels around and the relationship of the tumor with them make surgery difficult. Surgery is of great importance, especially in the future, in order to eliminate the complaints of jaundice, nausea and vomiting that will occur when the tumor grows and obstructs the duodenum and bile ducts. Every patient can have a chance for surgery It is not possible to distinguish tumors that occur in the pancreatic head, duodenum and bile ducts near the pancreatic head, since these three organs are attached to each other. The "whipple method", which is much more effective, is used to completely clean the area in tumors occurring in the said organs. It is suitable for patients whose tumor is inside the pancreas and has not spread. But nowadays, this surgery can be performed in tumors that have jumped into the vein behind the liver.

Obesity, which is called the plague of the age, is increasing day by day due to wrong eating habits, sedentary life and lack of information. Obesity upsets the balance in the body and causes many serious diseases and cancers. Studies show that the prevalence of obesity has doubled in men in the last 10 years, and a quarter of Turkish men are facing the problem of obesity. Obesity reduces the quality of sperm in men and can even cause infertility if left untreated. Obesity raises risk of cancer, diabetes and heart disease Obesity; It is a disease that occurs as a result of the energy taken with food is more than the energy consumed and the excess energy is stored as fat in the body, negatively affecting the quality and duration of life. Adipose tissue constitutes 15-18% of body weight in adult men and 20-25% in women. If this rate rises above 25% in men and 30% in women, it causes obesity. Studies show that the number of people who can lose weight with diet and exercise does not exceed 3%-10%. The remaining 90% are at risk of cancer, diabetes and heart disease. Obesity also significantly affects the lives of young people. The life expectancy of a 20-year-old is reduced by 12 years compared to his peers. May cause infertility Studies show that obese men have reduced sperm quality due to obesity. Normally, a small amount of estrogen hormone is secreted from the adipose tissue in men. In obese men, the conversion of testosterone to estrogen in the adipose tissue increases, and thus testosterone decreases and accordingly, sperm quality decreases. Hormonal irregularities are higher in overweight men than in those with ideal weight. In addition, obesity increases the incidence of colon and prostate cancers in men. Losing 1 kilo can prevent 100,000 cases a year Obesity has a direct effect on the formation of 7% of cancers. Controlling excess weight, which is the most important cause of many chronic diseases, is of great importance not only in terms of aesthetics but also in terms of health. If a person reduces their body mass index by 1% or loses approximately 1 kg, 100,000 cancer cases per year in the world can be prevented. Obesity is a very serious health problem in Turkey as well as all over the world. Obesity is not an aesthetic or posture problem, it is a disease. Studies show that obesity will cause 500,000 cancer cases per year in 2030. It is inevitable for Turkey to get its share from this picture, as it is the case in the rest of the world. For this reason, it is necessary to take the necessary measures, both personally and socially, without losing time. Surgical treatment saves lives Obesity surgery not only improves the aesthetic appearance of the person, but also increases the quality of life. People who gain weight throughout their lives always pose a risk for cancer. In the USA, where one out of every three people live as overweight, a significant portion of patients with stomach and bowel cancer are obese. Obesity should be treated in the same way that cancer is a disease that is taken seriously and treated. The most effective and permanent method of treatment is surgery. While less success is achieved with diet and exercise, this rate is much higher in surgery. Therefore, it is very important for obesity patients to be treated promptly so that they do not suffer from cardiovascular system diseases, psychological disorders and sleep apnea. In obesity surgery, the method is determined individually. After a comfortable operation, patients can return to their work and social life in a short time and reach their ideal weight with proper planning.

Dear expectant mothers, The pregnancy process is one of the most special and responsible periods in your life. It will be a great advantage for you to spend this process as easy and understandable as possible with your gynecologist and obstetrician. In this direction, you will be able to evaluate your baby's risk of Trisomy and how it can be determined, according to the information you will receive from your doctor. NIFTY (Non- Invasive Fetal Trisomy) Test, ie non-invasive fetal trisomy test, allows you to more clearly detect whether your baby has Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18 or Trisomy 13 compared to current methods. Information on what trisomy is and how it can be detected will be given. Do not hesitate to share your personal situation or any question you may have about this test with your doctor. What Is Trisomy and How Does It Develop? Trisomy is the third time the chromosome information, which normally comes from 2 pieces, one from the mother and one from the father, takes place in the cells. This extra chromosome, that is, DNA information, causes various genes to be expressed not twice but 3 times at the cellular level, thus causing anomalies in the production of various substances. When these anomalies at the cellular level reflect on the baby's body, we encounter a collection of symptoms called syndromes. Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) Trisomy 21 is the most common chromosomal abnormality. It occurs in approximately 1/800 of live births. It is a chromosomal disease that occurs spontaneously during pregnancy, not usually inherited, and is characterized by the presence of 3 of the 21st chromosomes in the baby. The incidence of the disease increases with increasing maternal age. Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) It is found in approximately 1/5000 of live births. The risk for this disease also increases with advancing maternal age. These babies have very serious congenital structural defects. They are usually lost during pregnancy or in the first weeks of life. Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome) It is a chromosomal anomaly found in approximately 1/10000 of live births. The incidence of trisomy 13 increases with increasing maternal age. In newborn children, skull and face region also; heart, kidney, stomach anomalies and/or other physical anomalies are encountered. How can such diseases be detected during pregnancy? There are both invasive and non-invasive screening test possibilities during pregnancy. Ultrasound examinations performed between the 11th and 14th weeks of pregnancy are among the non-invasive methods. In this way, the nape thickness of the baby can be measured. Double and triple screening tests with maternal blood are other non-invasive techniques. However, although these techniques detect the risk to a certain extent, they do not provide a definitive diagnosis. What is the NIFTY Blood Test and How is it Used? With the possibilities of new generation technologies, it enables Trisomy detection without intervention. The mixing of the baby's blood with the mother's blood during pregnancy is the basis for performing this test. Techniques such as amniocentesis, chorionic villus biopsy and cordocentesis are applied in invasive aspects that require intervention in the body of the expectant mother. Such methods are intended to collect sadness from the baby in the mother's womb. Although these interventional tests are considered to be the most reliable in the world, they carry a risk of miscarriage between 0.2% and 1% after the intervention. After a certain period of pregnancy, DNA fragments belonging to the baby can be separated with the blood taken from the mother's arm. In this way, it can be concluded that the baby has Trisomy 21-18 or 13. Best Time to Take the Test? Although it is technically possible to do the NIFTY Test from the 8th week, the best time is to do it after the 10th week of pregnancy. As a result of ultrasound and blood analysis, if your doctor has determined that your baby has a suspicion of Trisomy or if you have concerns because you are in the risk group, you can have this test done. How is the NIFTY Test Done? After the information and genetic counseling you have obtained from your doctor, you can sign the "NIFTY Test Approval Form" that you are asked to fill and perform the blood donation process. The blood to be taken from you is sent to BGI laboratories through special tubes. The analysis takes approximately 10 to 14 days. The results of the analysis are explained to you through your doctors. Is NIFTY Test Covered by Health Insurance? No. Unfortunately, it must be borne by the patient. What Does It Mean If The Result Is Negative or Positive? A negative test result shows that the baby does not have Trisomy in about 99.9%, while a positive test result shows that your baby has a Trisomy in about 99.9%.

Which Medicines Can I Use During Pregnancy? You are currently going through a certain period of your pregnancy. Maybe you are in the first days, maybe you are half way, maybe you are at the end of pregnancy. One of the issues or problems you will encounter during this period is the use of drugs during pregnancy. You will have a wide variety of complaints during pregnancy and you may need to use medication when necessary. Sometimes we will prefer not to use any medication for many of your complaints. Nausea, vomiting, weakness, fatigue, back and groin pain, which we call the minor problems of pregnancy. Frequent urination, burning and pain in urination, dizziness, numbness in hands and arms. Cramps in the arms and legs. Most of these complaints will appear throughout pregnancy. We will have different suggestions for each of them, although some measures are not very effective, some will give results if they are well implemented. Your medications that you should use regularly during pregnancy and breastfeeding and puerperium period: Multivitamin drugs Iron drugs Calcium and other minerals Medicines that you should use when there are complaints during pregnancy and that we should stop at the end of the complaints All kinds of infections (urinary tract, respiratory tract, etc.) All kinds of appropriate antibiotics can be used easily · Stomach and intestinal complaints (heartburn, reflux, constipation, gas complaints, etc.) We will recommend that you continue with your medications that are being used for other diseases in the same way. Drugs used for allergic asthma and respiratory diseases Ventolin inhaler, Pulmicort etc Medicines used for heart and high blood pressure Drugs given for psychiatric treatment o Antidepressant drugs: Remeron, Cipram, Cipraleks. Efexor etc. o Tranquilizers, sedatives and tranquilizers: Xanax, Diazem, Valium o Antipsychotic and neuroleptic drugs: Norodol, Akineton etc. Pregnancy and use of cosmetic products Abdominal fissures and nipple fissures Skin discoloration and hair growth Hair dye and other products Multivitamin drugs, Elevit pronatal tablet, Megadyn pronatal tablet, Materna tablet, Folic Plus tablet, Sanatogen, One A Day Woman's, Centrum, Natabec Iron drugs: 1. Ferrosanol duodenal 2. Gynoferrosanol 3. Gynoferon dragee 4. Vi Fer capsule 5. Ferplex fol tablet 6. Ferplex solution 7. Maltofer fol tablets 8. Maltofer solution 9. Gynotardyferon 10. Solgar gentle Iron Calcium and other minerals: 1. Calcium D Sandoz effervescent tablet 2. Calcium Sandoz fort effervescent tablet 3. Cal D Vita effervescent tablet 4. Calcium D Redoxan 5. Nutrimed magnesium effervescent 6. Nutrimed cinnabariferous 7. Magnesium Diaspora 8. Calcium Natural Oyster Shell 9. Solgar Calcium Other drugs used during pregnancy: 1. Fish oil Omega 3 unsaturated fatty acids 2. Megafood fish oil capsule 3. Marincap capsule 4. Ocean fish oil capsule-liquid Medicines that you should use when there are complaints during pregnancy and that we should stop at the end of the complaints: Urinary tract infections Causes: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common problems during pregnancy. The most important reason is that the urinary tract urethra in women is very short in length and external factors are clear. The other most common reason is that the problem that occurs with the relaxation of all smooth muscles in the body during pregnancy is also seen here. As the urine flow slows down in the urinary tract and the amount of urine is less, the ground for infection is prepared. WRONG KNOWN AND WRONG APPLICATIONS: As the urine flow decreases, a frequent urination sensation occurs. Patients drink less water to avoid the feeling of frequent urination. This leads to a vicious circle and invites infection. SUGGESTIONS: The more the flow is increased in the urinary tract, the more infection is avoided. Plenty of water and liquid food intake is the best practice. The first recommendation would be to take 2-2.5 liters of water per day. Just as sediments and all incoming wastes accumulate in streams and stream beds that dry up due to extreme heat in the summer, when the liquid is taken less, it will not be able to remove the wastes, minerals and sediments it carries in the urinary tract in the same way. The accumulated sediments will first cause irritation in the urinary tract, that is, it will be the cause of frequent urination. If the event goes to a more advanced stage, it will cause an infection. Cefaks tb 500 mg morning and evening 1 tablet Cefuroks tb 500 mg morning and evening 1 tablet Duocid tb 375 mg morning and evening 1 tablet Croxilex tb 1000 mg morning and evening 1 tablet Amoclavin tb 1000 mg morning and evening 1 tablet · Purinol granule morning-noon-evening 1 spoon Spazmol dragee morning-noon-evening 1 dragee Respiratory tract infection, flu and various throat infections: Cefaks tb 500 mg morning and evening 1 tablet Cefuroks tb 500 mg morning and evening 1 tablet Duocid tb 375 mg morning and evening 1 tablet Croxilex tb 1000 mg morning - evening 1 tablet Amoclavin tb 1000 mg morning and evening 1 tablet Drugs that can be used for non-antibiotic symptomatic complaints: antipyretic pain medications · Password tab 50

FSH hormone in women (Follicle Stimulating Hormone: Follicle Stimulating Hormone is secreted from the pituitary in the brain and, as the name suggests, stimulates the follicles in the ovaries and ensures their growth. Follicles in the ovaries are small sacs that carry the egg. With the effect of FSH hormone, the follicles grow and ovulation occurs as a result of cracking under the influence of LH (Luteinizing Hormone) hormone in the middle of the menstrual period. FSH hormone measurement is especially important in patients with menstrual irregularity and infertility problems. FSH hormone value in the blood is measured on the 3rd day of menstruation (around 2-5 days). As age progresses, ovarian reserve decreases and FSH hormone rises. Especially after the age of 35, a gradual increase in the FSH hormone is observed and this increase accelerates after the age of 40. Apart from aging, cases such as surgical removal of one or part of the ovaries or damage to the ovary during cyst surgery also cause an increase in FSH. The drugs or contraception methods used (birth control pills and other methods...) do not cause an increase in FSH.

Cytomegalovirus infection is a very common viral infection. Most people get the infection in childhood without even realizing it. However, when the infection during pregnancy is transmitted to the baby, it can lead to conditions such as growth retardation, deafness, mental retardation, delayed walking, delayed learning. This risk is especially higher in expectant mothers who have not had a previous infection. What is cytomegalovirus infection? Cytomegalovirus infection is an infection with the virus called CMV (Cytomegalovirus). It is quite common in the community and is one of the most common neonatal infections. When adequate diagnostic methods are used, this virus can be detected in approximately 1% of newborns. How is it found? CMV can be transmitted to people by droplets (from other people by breathing in the common air), or it can be transmitted by contact with body fluids such as saliva, urine, feces, breast milk, vaginal secretions, semen. Other modes of transmission are blood transfusions and sexual intercourse. Another clinically important mode of transmission is transmission from the mother to her unborn baby during pregnancy. Infection is often experienced in childhood, and adults who have not had the infection yet pass the virus from their children, who get the virus in public places such as school. Due to the prevalence of transmission routes, at least 50% of the population is found to have had this infection before. This rate may be even higher (80%) in the lower socioeconomic level. The likelihood of encountering an infection increases with age. What are the symptoms of cytomegalovirus infection? Most CMV infections are asymptomatic. This includes infections during pregnancy. Non-specific signs and symptoms such as fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy (swelling of lymph nodes), and joint pain are observed in only 15% of mothers who have an infection. Infections are more common and cause more serious symptoms, especially in people whose immune system is suppressed for various reasons (such as AIDS patients, those who have to use immunosuppressive drugs due to organ transplantation). First-time CMV infection creates an immune response in the body, but this immunity is not complete. After this initial infection, called a primary infection, the virus settles in the body and can cause repeated infections at various times. Infections that occur at different times later are called recurrent infections. Recurrent infections are much less frequent and with milder symptoms. What is the importance of infection during pregnancy? Infection during pregnancy can pass to the baby through the placenta. If the infection is transmitted to the baby; Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), Microcephaly (small head), Intracranial calcification (calcification areas in the brain tissue), Chorioretinitis (eye infection) Blindness, mental retardation, Motor developmental delay (such as walking late), Hearing loss, enlarged liver and spleen, It can cause signs and symptoms such as jaundice and anemia. While some of these conditions, which are caused by the effect of virus infection, are obvious immediately after birth; (such as jaundice, small head, low birth weight), some may occur as the baby grows (such as deafness, delayed walking, mental retardation). The majority of expectant mothers have had this infection before they became pregnant. As a result, although partial immunity is formed, in these expectant mothers; When recurrent infection occurs, the risk of transmission to the baby is very low, and when it is transmitted to the baby, the risk of creating undesirable situations in the baby is very low. The picture changes in expectant mothers who have never had this infection before. Primary infection occurs during pregnancy in 1-4% of these expectant mothers. In this case, since there is no immunity in the body, the risk of transmission of the infection to the baby is high (40% infection is transmitted to the baby). However, when a baby is infected, this does not necessarily mean that it will cause an abnormal condition. Approximately 90% of these expectant mothers have a normal baby at birth. A small number of these normal babies may develop the effects of infection at a later time. In the 10% of infants with signs of infection at birth, the probability of sequelae due to infection is higher. How is it diagnosed? A four-fold increase in cytomegalovirus-specific IgG antibody in the blood in two separate measurements, or detection of IgM antibody in a single sample taken is diagnostic of primary infection. IgG elevation alone (IgM should not be elevated) in patients with previously determined IgG diagnoses recurrent infection. However, erroneous results are also relatively common, as CMV can cross-react with other viruses. In some cases, this infection is suspected by detecting IUGR (intrauterine growth retardation), microcephaly and/or calcifications in the brain tissue on ultrasound. Diagnosis is made by the level of antibodies in the blood or by further examination of the blood taken from the baby by cordocentesis. What can be done to prevent pregnancy? every pregnancy

TESTS FOR DETERMINING ovulation day Ovulation, that is, ovulation, is the release of the egg from the sacs called follicles in the ovaries, normally in the middle of each menstrual period. Ovulation tests that women can do themselves at home are used to determine the day of ovulation and to increase the chance of pregnancy by having intercourse close to this day. In order to understand the mechanism by which home ovulation tests work, first of all, it is necessary to know how ovulation happens and how the menstrual cycle takes place every month. How and when does ovulation (ovulation) and menstrual cycle happen? The day the menstrual bleeding starts is the beginning of a menstrual period (cycle) and the total menstrual period lasts about 1 month. The menstrual period does not mean only the days of bleeding, but the average 1-month period from the first day of a period to the first day of the next period. At the beginning of this period, the FSH hormone secreted from the pituitary in the brain increases and gradually ensures the growth of the egg. Estrogen hormone is secreted from the growing egg follicle and this hormone gradually increases like FSH. When it comes to the middle of the menstrual period (ie 14 days after the start of menstrual bleeding), FSH and estrogen hormones reach their highest levels, Meanwhile, there is also a sudden increase in the secretion of LH hormone from the pituitary. This sudden increase in LH hormone (LH peak) is the main mechanism that provides ovulation. Ovulation occurs 24-36 hours after the LH surge. Ovulation tests in the urine detect this LH surge. Tests in saliva are also based on increased estrogen. After ovulation, estrogen, FSH, LH hormones decrease, and progesterone hormone begins to increase. After ovulation, the follicle with the egg turns into the corpus luteum and progesterone is released from there. If pregnancy does not occur, a later decrease in progesterone will initiate new menstrual bleeding. If pregnancy occurs, progesterone will ensure the continuation of the pregnancy in the uterus and will continue to be secreted without decreasing. Ovulation (ovulation) test in the urine, (LH test) The urine ovulation test detects the LH hormone increase described above. When the LH hormone increases in the blood, it also passes into the urine. To capture this LH surge in the urine, this test should be done every day near the day of ovulation. For this reason, those whose menstruation is regular once a month can start the test 12 days after the start of menstrual bleeding and test every day for 5 days. However, the test start time will vary for women with different menstrual cycle lengths. For example, the length of the menstrual period, that is, from the first day of one menstrual bleeding to the other menstrual bleeding; Persons whose period until the first day is 35 days should start the test on the 18th day by counting from the first day of menstruation, and test for 5 days. Because ovulation will start later in these women. Ovulation occurs approximately 14 days before the onset of menstruation. It is difficult to predict the day of ovulation in women with very irregular periods, in these cases you should consult your doctor about when to start the test.

It is essential for a newborn baby to be fed only with breast milk for the first 6 months, and for the healthy formation of intestinal flora, and for the formation of a strong foundation not only in terms of nutrition but also with many protection factors that breast milk contains. Studies have actually agreed that complementary foods should not be started before the 17th week and should not be left beyond the 26th week. However, this is not true for every baby; It should not be forgotten that a premature baby comes back, and it should be known that care should be taken if he is also fed with formula. There are some markers that actually show us that the infant is ready for solid food. What are these? 1) If your baby is fed only with breast milk and defecates in sufficient quantity and consistency every day, 2) If the weight gain is at least 500gr to 1000gr per month 3) If the supporter can sit with you at meals 4) If he constantly opens his mouth and waits while you eat 5) If he brings his hand to his mouth Your baby says I'm ready for solid food..... You should definitely not start animal products under 6 months; Do not forget that between 5-6 months, our aim is to introduce you, to introduce all kinds of new foods that you start with the 3-day rule (3 days in a row, fresh, smooth, less and less, as much as they take), redness on the body, rash that starts on the same day or after, itching waiting for vomiting every time. If you see different poop than usual, redness on the bottom, and worst of all, blood in the poop, you should stop the food you started immediately; You should notify your pediatrician... In fact, we have rules that no one teaches much; If you breastfeed a baby first, put him to the table or try to feed him, the probability of your child to eat is low. RULES 1) You must fast for at least 2-3 hours 2) Sitting down (with support, the head must be 60-90 degrees up) 3) Definitely at meal time 4) While you are eating; IMPORTANT 5) Fresh smooth, daily and up to a tea glass THE MOST GREAT RULE WHICH VEGETABLES AND FRUIT ARE IN THE SEASON, SHOULD BE GIVEN YOU SHOULD DECIDE WHAT A CHILD EATS AND YOU DECIDE HOW MUCH. REMEMBER THEY HAVE A CHARACTER AND A MOUTH TASTE Due to the increasing food allergies, you should observe if your child has any allergies when starting solid food. It is very important to be conscious about this issue and to know how to do it, please do not hesitate to get help from us.